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calls for the audit. The code creating the entry in the audit table follows (also in XAction.cs in the App_Code directory of the Web12 project). public void AuditItemUpdate(int itemId, int quantity) { using (TransactionScope tx = new TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.RequiresNew)) { string sql = "INSERT INTO InventoryAudit(InventoryID, Quantity, AttemptDate) " + "VALUES (@InventoryID, @Quantity, @AttemptDate)"; SqlConnection cn = new SqlConnection(connStr); SqlCommand cm = new SqlCommand(sql, cn); cm.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@InventoryID", SqlDbType.Int)).Value = itemId; cm.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@Quantity", SqlDbType.Int)).Value = quantity; cm.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@AttemptDate", SqlDbType.DateTime)).Value = DateTime.Now; cn.Open(); cm.ExecuteNonQuery(); cn.Close(); tx.Complete(); } } Here you ll notice that the transaction option selected when creating the TransactionScope instance is RequiresNew. This breaks the work done in this method out into its own transaction. Since you want the audit to persist regardless of the outcome of the containing transaction, this work is done independent from the transaction of the caller. Using TransactionOption.Suppress would have the some effect, except the work done within this method would occur without a transaction at all. The entire transaction is then managed by this orchestration method, which gets handed a hash table of inventory IDs and quantities. (See XActionHost.aspx in the Web12 project.) private void PlaceOrder(int CustomerID, DateTime OrderDate, Hashtable OrderItems) { XAction dalTx = new XAction(); int OrderId = GetNextOrderID(); bool bSuccess = true; using (TransactionScope tx = new TransactionScope()) { dalTx.AddOrder(OrderId, CustomerID, DateTime.Now); foreach(int ItemId in OrderItems.Keys)

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When you use SQL*Plus 9i and before, this login script will be run only once, at startup. So, if you log in at startup as SCOTT and then change to a different account, this won t register on your prompt (this isn t an issue if you re using a 10g database): ora92 33> sqlplus scott/tiger

Before you can do any work with a database, you need to establish a connection to it. For instance, you can connect to a locally running instance of SQL Server 2005 Express using the following code: open System.Data open System.Data.SqlClient let connString = @"Server='.\SQLEXPRESS';Integrated Security=SSPI" let conn = new SqlConnection(connString) The value connString is a connection string. Regardless of how you created your connection object, to execute any updates or queries on it you need to open it first:

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Dec 8 20:38:31 2004 Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

{ if (!dalTx.AddOrderItem(OrderId, ItemId, Convert.ToInt32(OrderItems[ItemId]))) { bSuccess = false; break; } } if (bSuccess) tx.Complete(); } if (bSuccess) { lblOutput.Text = "Success"; } else { lblOutput.Text = "Rolled back"; } } This is what you could call the root transaction object in COM+. It s the root of the call stack for the entire transaction. All of the work at lower levels in the stack is enlisted within the transaction created by this method (with the exception, of course, of the audit method, which declares its need for a transaction of its own). The entire call stack breaks down like this (see Figure 12-2).

> conn.Open();; val it : unit = () If this command fails, then you may need to do one of the following: Install SQL Server 2005 Express or a newer version of the same. Consult the latest SQL Server Express samples for alternative connection strings. Add UserInstance='true' to the connection string. This starts the database engine as a user-level process. Change the connection string if you have a different database engine installed and running (for instance, if you are using SQL Server instead of SQL Server Express). Connections established using the same connection string are pooled and reused depending on your database engine. Connections are often a limited resource and should generally be closed as soon as possible within your application.